%%% Modification of BibTeX style file /Users/nathanpaxton/Desktop/chicagonap.bst
%%% ... by urlbst, version 0.5.2 (marked with "% urlbst")
%%% See <http://purl.org/nxg/dist/urlbst>
%%% Added webpage entry type, and url and lastchecked fields.
%%% Added eprint support.
%%% Added DOI support.
%%% Added hyperref support.
%%% Original headers follow...

%%
%% This is file `chicagonap.bst',
%% generated with the docstrip utility.
%%
%% The original source files were:
%%
%% merlin.mbs  (with options: `ay,nat,vonx,nm-revv1,jnrlst,nmdash,blkyear,dt-beg,yr-per,note-yr,thtit-a,num-xser,numser,ser-vol,ser-ed,jnm-x,bkpg-x,add-pub,pre-edn,doi,edby,ppx,ed,abr,ednx,ord,and-com,nfss,')
%% ----------------------------------------
%% *** Chicago MS, Author-Date (Documentation 2) System ***
%% 
%% Copyright 1994-2005 Patrick W Daly
 % ===============================================================
 % IMPORTANT NOTICE:
 % This bibliographic style (bst) file has been generated from one or
 % more master bibliographic style (mbs) files, listed above.
 %
 % This generated file can be redistributed and/or modified under the terms
 % of the LaTeX Project Public License Distributed from CTAN
 % archives in directory macros/latex/base/lppl.txt; either
 % version 1 of the License, or any later version.
 % ===============================================================
 % Name and version information of the main mbs file:
 % \ProvidesFile{merlin.mbs}[2005/10/17 4.14 (PWD, AO, DPC)]
 %   For use with BibTeX version 0.99a or later
 %-------------------------------------------------------------------
 % This bibliography style file is intended for texts in ENGLISH
 % This is an author-year citation style bibliography. As such, it is
 % non-standard LaTeX, and requires a special package file to function properly.
 % Such a package is    natbib.sty   by Patrick W. Daly
 % The form of the \bibitem entries is
 %   \bibitem[Jones et al.(1990)]{key}...
 %   \bibitem[Jones et al.(1990)Jones, Baker, and Smith]{key}...
 % The essential feature is that the label (the part in brackets) consists
 % of the author names, as they should appear in the citation, with the year
 % in parentheses following. There must be no space before the opening
 % parenthesis!
 % With natbib v5.3, a full list of authors may also follow the year.
 % In natbib.sty, it is possible to define the type of enclosures that is
 % really wanted (brackets or parentheses), but in either case, there must
 % be parentheses in the label.
 % The \cite command functions as follows:
 %   \citet{key} ==>>                Jones et al. (1990)
 %   \citet*{key} ==>>               Jones, Baker, and Smith (1990)
 %   \citep{key} ==>>                (Jones et al., 1990)
 %   \citep*{key} ==>>               (Jones, Baker, and Smith, 1990)
 %   \citep[chap. 2]{key} ==>>       (Jones et al., 1990, chap. 2)
 %   \citep[e.g.][]{key} ==>>        (e.g. Jones et al., 1990)
 %   \citep[e.g.][p. 32]{key} ==>>   (e.g. Jones et al., p. 32)
 %   \citeauthor{key} ==>>           Jones et al.
 %   \citeauthor*{key} ==>>          Jones, Baker, and Smith
 %   \citeyear{key} ==>>             1990
 %---------------------------------------------------------------------

ENTRY
  { address
    author
    booktitle
    chapter
    edition
    editor
    eid
    howpublished
    institution
    journal
    key
    month
    note
    number
    organization
    pages
    publisher
    school
    series
    title
    type
    volume
    year
    eprint % urlbst
    doi % urlbst
    url % urlbst
    lastchecked % urlbst
  }
  {}
  { label extra.label sort.label short.list }
INTEGERS { output.state before.all mid.sentence after.sentence after.block }
STRINGS { urlintro eprinturl eprintprefix doiprefix doiurl } % urlbst...
INTEGERS { hrefform addeprints adddoiresolver }
% Following constants may be adjusted by hand, if desired
FUNCTION {init.config.constants}
{
  % (prev. comment-out added NAP 3 Dec 2008) "Available from: " 'urlintro := % prefix before URL
  "http://arxiv.org/abs/" 'eprinturl := % prefix to make URL from eprint ref
  "arXiv:" 'eprintprefix := % text prefix printed before eprint ref
  "http://dx.doi.org/" 'doiurl := % prefix to make URL from DOI
  "doi:" 'doiprefix := % text prefix printed before DOI ref
  #1 'addeprints := % 0=no eprints; 1=include eprints
  #1 'adddoiresolver := % 0=no DOI resolver; 1=include it
  #2 'hrefform := % 0=no crossrefs; 1=hypertex xrefs; 2=hyperref refs
}
INTEGERS { 
  bracket.state
  outside.brackets
  open.brackets
  within.brackets
  close.brackets
}
% ...urlbst to here
FUNCTION {init.state.consts}
{ #0 'outside.brackets := % urlbst
  #1 'open.brackets :=
  #2 'within.brackets :=
  #3 'close.brackets :=

  #0 'before.all :=
  #1 'mid.sentence :=
  #2 'after.sentence :=
  #3 'after.block :=
}
STRINGS { s t}
% urlbst
FUNCTION {output.nonnull.original}
{ 's :=
  output.state mid.sentence =
    { ", " * write$ }
    { output.state after.block =
        { add.period$ write$
          newline$
          "\newblock " write$
        }
        { output.state before.all =
            'write$
            { add.period$ " " * write$ }
          if$
        }
      if$
      mid.sentence 'output.state :=
    }
  if$
  s
}

% urlbst...
FUNCTION {output.nonnull}
{ % Save the thing we've been asked to output
  's :=
  % If the bracket-state is close.brackets, then add a close-bracket to
  % what is currently at the top of the stack, and set bracket.state
  % to outside.brackets
  bracket.state close.brackets =
    { ")" * 		%NAP modified bracket to parens to more closely match CMS 15 (3 dec 2008)
      outside.brackets 'bracket.state :=
    }
    'skip$
  if$
  bracket.state outside.brackets =
    { % We're outside all brackets -- this is the normal situation.
      % Write out what's currently at the top of the stack, using the
      % original output.nonnull function.
      s
      output.nonnull.original
    }
    { % Still in brackets.  Add open-bracket or (continuation) comma, add the
      % new text (in s) to the top of the stack, and move to the close-brackets
      % state, ready for next time (unless inbrackets resets it).  If we come
      % into this branch, then output.state is carefully undisturbed.
      bracket.state open.brackets =
        { " (" * } %NAP modified bracket to parens to more closely match CMS 15 (3 dec 2008)
        { ", " * } % bracket.state will be within.brackets
      if$ 
      s * 
      close.brackets 'bracket.state :=
    }
  if$
}

% Call this function just before adding something which should be presented in 
% brackets.  bracket.state is handled specially within output.nonnull.
FUNCTION {inbrackets}
{ bracket.state close.brackets =
    { within.brackets 'bracket.state := } % reset the state: not open nor closed
    { open.brackets 'bracket.state := }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.lastchecked}
{ lastchecked empty$
    { "" }
    %{ inbrackets "cited " lastchecked * }
    { inbrackets "accessed " lastchecked *} %NAP modified to more closely match CMS 15 (3 dec 2008)
  if$
}
% ...urlbst to here
FUNCTION {output}
{ duplicate$ empty$
    'pop$
    'output.nonnull
  if$
}
FUNCTION {output.check}
{ 't :=
  duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$ "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }
    'output.nonnull
  if$
}
FUNCTION {fin.entry}
{ 
  bracket.state close.brackets = % urlbst
    { ")" * }	%NAP modified to more closely match CMS 15 (3 dec 2008)
    'skip$
  if$
   add.period$
  write$
  newline$
}

FUNCTION {new.block}
{ output.state before.all =
    'skip$
    { after.block 'output.state := }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {new.sentence}
{ output.state after.block =
    'skip$
    { output.state before.all =
        'skip$
        { after.sentence 'output.state := }
      if$
    }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {add.blank}
{  " " * before.all 'output.state :=
}

FUNCTION {date.block}
{
  new.block
}

FUNCTION {not}
{   { #0 }
    { #1 }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {and}
{   'skip$
    { pop$ #0 }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {or}
{   { pop$ #1 }
    'skip$
  if$
}
FUNCTION {new.block.checkb}
{ empty$
  swap$ empty$
  and
    'skip$
    'new.block
  if$
}
FUNCTION {field.or.null}
{ duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$ "" }
    'skip$
  if$
}
FUNCTION {emphasize}
{ duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$ "" }
    { "\emph{" swap$ * "}" * }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {tie.or.space.prefix}
{ duplicate$ text.length$ #3 <
    { "~" }
    { " " }
  if$
  swap$
}

FUNCTION {capitalize}
{ "u" change.case$ "t" change.case$ }

FUNCTION {space.word}
{ " " swap$ * " " * }
 % Here are the language-specific definitions for explicit words.
 % Each function has a name bbl.xxx where xxx is the English word.
 % The language selected here is ENGLISH
FUNCTION {bbl.and}
{ "and"}

FUNCTION {bbl.etal}
{ "et~al." }

FUNCTION {bbl.editors}
{ "eds." }

FUNCTION {bbl.editor}
{ "ed." }

FUNCTION {bbl.edby}
{ "edited by" }

FUNCTION {bbl.edition}
{ "ed." }

FUNCTION {bbl.volume}
{ "vol." }

FUNCTION {bbl.of}
{ "of" }

FUNCTION {bbl.number}
{ "no." }

FUNCTION {bbl.nr}
{ "no." }

FUNCTION {bbl.in}
{ "in" }

FUNCTION {bbl.pages}
{ "" }

FUNCTION {bbl.page}
{ "" }

FUNCTION {bbl.chapter}
{ "chap." }

FUNCTION {bbl.techrep}
{ "Tech. Rep." }

FUNCTION {bbl.mthesis}
{ "Master's thesis" }

FUNCTION {bbl.phdthesis}
{ "Ph.D. thesis" }

FUNCTION {bbl.first}
{ "1st" }

FUNCTION {bbl.second}
{ "2nd" }

FUNCTION {bbl.third}
{ "3rd" }

FUNCTION {bbl.fourth}
{ "4th" }

FUNCTION {bbl.fifth}
{ "5th" }

FUNCTION {bbl.st}
{ "st" }

FUNCTION {bbl.nd}
{ "nd" }

FUNCTION {bbl.rd}
{ "rd" }

FUNCTION {bbl.th}
{ "th" }

MACRO {jan} {"Jan."}

MACRO {feb} {"Feb."}

MACRO {mar} {"Mar."}

MACRO {apr} {"Apr."}

MACRO {may} {"May"}

MACRO {jun} {"Jun."}

MACRO {jul} {"Jul."}

MACRO {aug} {"Aug."}

MACRO {sep} {"Sep."}

MACRO {oct} {"Oct."}

MACRO {nov} {"Nov."}

MACRO {dec} {"Dec."}

FUNCTION {eng.ord}
{ duplicate$ "1" swap$ *
  #-2 #1 substring$ "1" =
     { bbl.th * }
     { duplicate$ #-1 #1 substring$
       duplicate$ "1" =
         { pop$ bbl.st * }
         { duplicate$ "2" =
             { pop$ bbl.nd * }
             { "3" =
                 { bbl.rd * }
                 { bbl.th * }
               if$
             }
           if$
          }
       if$
     }
   if$
}

MACRO {acmcs} {"ACM Computing Surveys"}

MACRO {acta} {"Acta Informatica"}

MACRO {cacm} {"Communications of the ACM"}

MACRO {ibmjrd} {"IBM Journal of Research and Development"}

MACRO {ibmsj} {"IBM Systems Journal"}

MACRO {ieeese} {"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering"}

MACRO {ieeetc} {"IEEE Transactions on Computers"}

MACRO {ieeetcad}
 {"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits"}

MACRO {ipl} {"Information Processing Letters"}

MACRO {jacm} {"Journal of the ACM"}

MACRO {jcss} {"Journal of Computer and System Sciences"}

MACRO {scp} {"Science of Computer Programming"}

MACRO {sicomp} {"SIAM Journal on Computing"}

MACRO {tocs} {"ACM Transactions on Computer Systems"}

MACRO {tods} {"ACM Transactions on Database Systems"}

MACRO {tog} {"ACM Transactions on Graphics"}

MACRO {toms} {"ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software"}

MACRO {toois} {"ACM Transactions on Office Information Systems"}

MACRO {toplas} {"ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems"}

MACRO {tcs} {"Theoretical Computer Science"}
FUNCTION {bibinfo.check}
{ swap$
  duplicate$ missing$
    {
      pop$ pop$
      ""
    }
    { duplicate$ empty$
        {
          swap$ pop$
        }
        { swap$
          pop$
        }
      if$
    }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {bibinfo.warn}
{ swap$
  duplicate$ missing$
    {
      swap$ "missing " swap$ * " in " * cite$ * warning$ pop$
      ""
    }
    { duplicate$ empty$
        {
          swap$ "empty " swap$ * " in " * cite$ * warning$
        }
        { swap$
          pop$
        }
      if$
    }
  if$
}
STRINGS  { bibinfo}
INTEGERS { nameptr namesleft numnames }

FUNCTION {format.names}
{ 'bibinfo :=
  duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$ {
  's :=
  "" 't :=
  #1 'nameptr :=
  s num.names$ 'numnames :=
  numnames 'namesleft :=
    { namesleft #0 > }
    { s nameptr
      duplicate$ #1 >
        { "{ff~}{vv~}{ll}{, jj}" }
        { "{vv~}{ll}{, ff}{, jj}" }
      if$
      format.name$
      bibinfo bibinfo.check
      't :=
      nameptr #1 >
        {
          namesleft #1 >
            { ", " * t * }
            {
              s nameptr "{ll}" format.name$ duplicate$ "others" =
                { 't := }
                { pop$ }
              if$
              "," *
              t "others" =
                {
                  " " * bbl.etal *
                }
                {
                  bbl.and
                  space.word * t *
                }
              if$
            }
          if$
        }
        't
      if$
      nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
      namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
    }
  while$
  } if$
}
FUNCTION {format.names.ed}
{
  'bibinfo :=
  duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$ {
  's :=
  "" 't :=
  #1 'nameptr :=
  s num.names$ 'numnames :=
  numnames 'namesleft :=
    { namesleft #0 > }
    { s nameptr
      "{ff~}{vv~}{ll}{, jj}"
      format.name$
      bibinfo bibinfo.check
      't :=
      nameptr #1 >
        {
          namesleft #1 >
            { ", " * t * }
            {
              s nameptr "{ll}" format.name$ duplicate$ "others" =
                { 't := }
                { pop$ }
              if$
              numnames #2 >
                { "," * }
                'skip$
              if$
              t "others" =
                {

                  " " * bbl.etal *
                }
                {
                  bbl.and
                  space.word * t *
                }
              if$
            }
          if$
        }
        't
      if$
      nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
      namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
    }
  while$
  } if$
}
FUNCTION {format.key}
{ empty$
    { key field.or.null }
    { "" }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.authors}
{ author "author" format.names
}
FUNCTION {get.bbl.editor}
{ editor num.names$ #1 > 'bbl.editors 'bbl.editor if$ }

FUNCTION {format.editors}
{ editor "editor" format.names duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
    {
      "," *
      " " *
      get.bbl.editor
      *
    }
  if$
}
%FUNCTION {format.doi}		%comment this function out to get DOI hyperlinks NAP 5 dec 2008; I think it's b/c there were two "format.doi" functions going on.
%{ doi "doi" bibinfo.check
%  duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
%    {
%      new.block
%      "\doi{" swap$ * "}" *
%    }
%  if$
%}
FUNCTION {format.note}
{
 note empty$
    { "" }
    { note #1 #1 substring$
      duplicate$ "{" =
        'skip$
        { output.state mid.sentence =
          { "l" }
          { "u" }
        if$
        change.case$
        }
      if$
      note #2 global.max$ substring$ * "note" bibinfo.check
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.title}
{ title
  duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
    { "t" change.case$ }
  if$
  "title" bibinfo.check
}
FUNCTION {format.full.names}
{'s :=
 "" 't :=
  #1 'nameptr :=
  s num.names$ 'numnames :=
  numnames 'namesleft :=
    { namesleft #0 > }
    { s nameptr
      "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
      't :=
      nameptr #1 >
        {
          namesleft #1 >
            { ", " * t * }
            {
              s nameptr "{ll}" format.name$ duplicate$ "others" =
                { 't := }
                { pop$ }
              if$
              t "others" =
                {
                  " " * bbl.etal *
                }
                {
                  numnames #2 >
                    { "," * }
                    'skip$
                  if$
                  bbl.and
                  space.word * t *
                }
              if$
            }
          if$
        }
        't
      if$
      nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
      namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
    }
  while$
}

FUNCTION {author.editor.key.full}
{ author empty$
    { editor empty$
        { key empty$
            { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
            'key
          if$
        }
        { editor format.full.names }
      if$
    }
    { author format.full.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {author.key.full}
{ author empty$
    { key empty$
         { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
          'key
      if$
    }
    { author format.full.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {editor.key.full}
{ editor empty$
    { key empty$
         { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
          'key
      if$
    }
    { editor format.full.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {make.full.names}
{ type$ "book" =
  type$ "inbook" =
  or
    'author.editor.key.full
    { type$ "proceedings" =
        'editor.key.full
        'author.key.full
      if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {output.bibitem}
{ outside.brackets 'bracket.state := % urlbst
   newline$
  "\bibitem[{" write$
  label write$
  ")" make.full.names duplicate$ short.list =
     { pop$ }
     { * }
   if$
  "}]{" * write$
  cite$ write$
  "}" write$
  newline$
  ""
  before.all 'output.state :=
}

FUNCTION {n.dashify}
{
  't :=
  ""
    { t empty$ not }
    { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" =
        { t #1 #2 substring$ "--" = not
            { "--" *
              t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
            }
            {   { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" = }
                { "-" *
                  t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
                }
              while$
            }
          if$
        }
        { t #1 #1 substring$ *
          t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
        }
      if$
    }
  while$
}

FUNCTION {word.in}
{ bbl.in capitalize
  " " * }

FUNCTION {format.date}
{ year "year" bibinfo.check duplicate$ empty$
    {
    }
    'skip$
  if$
  extra.label *
  before.all 'output.state :=
  after.sentence 'output.state :=
}
FUNCTION {format.btitle}
{ title "title" bibinfo.check
  duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
    {
      emphasize
    }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {either.or.check}
{ empty$
    'pop$
    { "can't use both " swap$ * " fields in " * cite$ * warning$ }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {format.bvolume}
{ volume empty$
    { "" }
    { bbl.volume volume tie.or.space.prefix
      "volume" bibinfo.check * *
      series "series" bibinfo.check
      duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
        { emphasize ", " * swap$ * }
      if$
      "volume and number" number either.or.check
    }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {format.number.series}
{ volume empty$
    { number empty$
        { series field.or.null }
        { series empty$
            { number "number" bibinfo.check }
            { output.state mid.sentence =
                { bbl.number }
                { bbl.number capitalize }
              if$
              number tie.or.space.prefix "number" bibinfo.check * *
              bbl.in space.word *
              series "series" bibinfo.check *
            }
          if$
        }
      if$
    }
    { "" }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {is.num}
{ chr.to.int$
  duplicate$ "0" chr.to.int$ < not
  swap$ "9" chr.to.int$ > not and
}

FUNCTION {extract.num}
{ duplicate$ 't :=
  "" 's :=
  { t empty$ not }
  { t #1 #1 substring$
    t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
    duplicate$ is.num
      { s swap$ * 's := }
      { pop$ "" 't := }
    if$
  }
  while$
  s empty$
    'skip$
    { pop$ s }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {convert.edition}
{ extract.num "l" change.case$ 's :=
  s "first" = s "1" = or
    { bbl.first 't := }
    { s "second" = s "2" = or
        { bbl.second 't := }
        { s "third" = s "3" = or
            { bbl.third 't := }
            { s "fourth" = s "4" = or
                { bbl.fourth 't := }
                { s "fifth" = s "5" = or
                    { bbl.fifth 't := }
                    { s #1 #1 substring$ is.num
                        { s eng.ord 't := }
                        { edition 't := }
                      if$
                    }
                  if$
                }
              if$
            }
          if$
        }
      if$
    }
  if$
  t
}

FUNCTION {format.edition}
{ edition duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
    {
      convert.edition
      output.state mid.sentence =
        { "l" }
        { "t" }
      if$ change.case$
      "edition" bibinfo.check
      " " * bbl.edition *
    }
  if$
}
INTEGERS { multiresult }
FUNCTION {multi.page.check}
{ 't :=
  #0 'multiresult :=
    { multiresult not
      t empty$ not
      and
    }
    { t #1 #1 substring$
      duplicate$ "-" =
      swap$ duplicate$ "," =
      swap$ "+" =
      or or
        { #1 'multiresult := }
        { t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := }
      if$
    }
  while$
  multiresult
}
FUNCTION {format.pages}
{ pages duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
    { duplicate$ multi.page.check
        {
          n.dashify
        }
        {
        }
      if$
      "pages" bibinfo.check
    }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {format.journal.pages}
{ pages duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
    { swap$ duplicate$ empty$
        { pop$ pop$ format.pages }
        {
          ":" *
          swap$
          n.dashify
          "pages" bibinfo.check
          *
        }
      if$
    }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {format.journal.eid}
{ eid "eid" bibinfo.check
  duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
    { swap$ duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
      {
          ":" *
      }
      if$
      swap$ *
    }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {format.vol.num.pages}
{ volume field.or.null
  duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
    {
      "volume" bibinfo.check
    }
  if$
  number "number" bibinfo.check duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
    {
      swap$ duplicate$ empty$
        { "there's a number but no volume in " cite$ * warning$ }
        'skip$
      if$
      swap$
      "(" swap$ * ")" *
    }
  if$ *
  eid empty$
    { format.journal.pages }
    { format.journal.eid }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.chapter.pages}
{ chapter empty$
    'format.pages
    { type empty$
        { bbl.chapter }
        { type "l" change.case$
          "type" bibinfo.check
        }
      if$
      chapter tie.or.space.prefix
      "chapter" bibinfo.check
      * *
      pages empty$
        'skip$
        { ", " * format.pages * }
      if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.booktitle}
{
  booktitle "booktitle" bibinfo.check
  emphasize
}
FUNCTION {format.in.ed.booktitle}
{ format.booktitle duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
    {
      format.bvolume duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
        { ", " swap$ * * }
      if$
      editor "editor" format.names.ed duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
        {
          bbl.edby
          " " * swap$ *
          swap$
          "," *
          " " * swap$
          * }
      if$
      word.in swap$ *
    }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {format.thesis.type}
{ type duplicate$ empty$
    'pop$
    { swap$ pop$
      "t" change.case$ "type" bibinfo.check
    }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {format.tr.number}
{ number "number" bibinfo.check
  type duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$ bbl.techrep }
    'skip$
  if$
  "type" bibinfo.check
  swap$ duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$ "t" change.case$ }
    { tie.or.space.prefix * * }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {format.article.crossref}
{
  word.in
  " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
}
FUNCTION {format.book.crossref}
{ volume duplicate$ empty$
    { "empty volume in " cite$ * "'s crossref of " * crossref * warning$
      pop$ word.in
    }
    { bbl.volume
      capitalize
      swap$ tie.or.space.prefix "volume" bibinfo.check * * bbl.of space.word *
    }
  if$
  " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
}
FUNCTION {format.incoll.inproc.crossref}
{
  word.in
  " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
}
FUNCTION {format.org.or.pub}
{ 't :=
  ""
  address empty$ t empty$ and
    'skip$
    {
      address "address" bibinfo.check *
      t empty$
        'skip$
        { address empty$
            'skip$
            { ": " * }
          if$
          t *
        }
      if$
    }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {format.publisher.address}
{ publisher "publisher" bibinfo.warn format.org.or.pub
}

FUNCTION {format.organization.address}
{ organization "organization" bibinfo.check format.org.or.pub
}

STRINGS {oldname}

FUNCTION {name.or.dash}
{ 's :=
   oldname empty$
     { s 'oldname := s }
     { s oldname =
         { "---" }
         { s 'oldname := s }
       if$
     }
   if$
}

% urlbst...
% Functions for making hypertext links.
% In all cases, the stack has (link-text href-url)
%
% make 'null' specials
FUNCTION {make.href.null}
{
  pop$
}
% make hypertex specials
FUNCTION {make.href.hypertex}
{ 
  "\special {html:<a href=" quote$ *
  swap$ * quote$ * "> }" * swap$ *
  "\special {html:</a>}" *
}
% make hyperref specials
FUNCTION {make.href.hyperref}
{ 
  "\href {" swap$ * "} {" * swap$ * "}" *
}
FUNCTION {make.href}
{ hrefform #2 =
    'make.href.hyperref      % hrefform = 2
    { hrefform #1 =
        'make.href.hypertex  % hrefform = 1
        'make.href.null      % hrefform = 0 (or anything else)
      if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.url}
{ url empty$
    { "" }
      { hrefform #1 =
          { % special case -- add HyperTeX specials
            urlintro "\url{" url * "}" * url make.href.hypertex * }
          { urlintro "\url{" * url * "}" * }
       if$
     }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.eprint}
{ eprint empty$
    { "" }
    { eprintprefix eprint * eprinturl eprint * make.href }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.doi}
{ doi empty$
    { "" }
    { doiprefix doi * doiurl doi * make.href }
  if$
}

% Output a URL.  We can't use the more normal idiom (something like
% `format.url output'), because the `inbrackets' within
% format.lastchecked applies to everything between calls to `output',
% so that `format.url format.lastchecked * output' ends up with both
% the URL and the lastchecked in brackets.
FUNCTION {output.url}
{ url empty$
    'skip$ 
    { new.block 
      format.url output
      format.lastchecked output 
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {output.web.refs}
{
  new.block
  output.url
  addeprints eprint empty$ not and
    { format.eprint output.nonnull }
    'skip$
  if$
  adddoiresolver doi empty$ not and
    { format.doi output.nonnull }
    'skip$
  if$
%  addeprints
%    { eprint empty$
%        'skip$
%        { format.eprint output.nonnull }
%      if$
%    }
%    'skip$
%  if$
}

% Webpage entry type.
% Title and url fields required;
% author, note, year, month, and lastchecked fields optional
% See references 
%   ISO 690-2 http://www.nlc-bnc.ca/iso/tc46sc9/standard/690-2e.htm
%   http://www.classroom.net/classroom/CitingNetResources.html
%   http://neal.ctstateu.edu/history/cite.html
%   http://www.cas.usf.edu/english/walker/mla.html
% for citation formats for web pages.
FUNCTION {webpage}
{ output.bibitem
  author empty$
    { editor empty$
        'skip$  % author and editor both optional
        { format.editors output.nonnull }
      if$
    }
    { editor empty$
        { format.authors output.nonnull }
        { "can't use both author and editor fields in " cite$ * warning$ }
      if$
    }
  if$
%  author empty$
%    'skip$
%    { format.authors output.nonnull }
%  if$
  new.block
  year empty$
    'skip$
    { format.date "year" output.check }
  if$
  new.block
  format.title "title" output.check
  inbrackets "online" output
  lastchecked empty$
    'skip$
    { format.lastchecked output }
  if$
  new.block
  format.url "url" output.check
  new.block
  note output
  fin.entry
}
% ...urlbst to here


FUNCTION {article}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
  author format.key output
  name.or.dash
  format.date "year" output.check
  date.block
  format.title "title" output.check
  new.block
  crossref missing$
    {
      journal
      "journal" bibinfo.check
      emphasize
      "journal" output.check
      add.blank
      format.vol.num.pages output
    }
    { format.article.crossref output.nonnull
      format.pages output
    }
  if$
 % format.doi output %Commented out to get rid of double doi output (21 Aug 07)
  new.block
  format.note output
  output.web.refs  % urlbst
  fin.entry
}
FUNCTION {book}
{ output.bibitem
  author empty$
    { format.editors "author and editor" output.check
      editor format.key output
      name.or.dash
    }
    { format.authors output.nonnull
      name.or.dash
      crossref missing$
        { "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
        'skip$
      if$
    }
  if$
  format.date "year" output.check
  date.block
  format.btitle "title" output.check
  crossref missing$
    { format.bvolume output
      new.block
      format.edition output
      new.sentence
      format.number.series output
      format.publisher.address output
    }
    {
      new.block
      format.book.crossref output.nonnull
    }
  if$
%  format.doi output %Commented out to get rid of double doi output (21 May 08)
  new.block
  format.note output
  output.web.refs  % urlbst
  fin.entry
}
FUNCTION {booklet}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors output
  author format.key output
  name.or.dash
  format.date "year" output.check
  date.block
  format.title "title" output.check
  new.block
  howpublished "howpublished" bibinfo.check output
  address "address" bibinfo.check output
%  format.doi output %Commented out to get rid of double doi output (21 May 08)
  new.block
  format.note output
  output.web.refs  % urlbst
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {inbook}
{ output.bibitem
  author empty$
    { format.editors "author and editor" output.check
      editor format.key output
      name.or.dash
    }
    { format.authors output.nonnull
      name.or.dash
      crossref missing$
        { "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
        'skip$
      if$
    }
  if$
  format.date "year" output.check
  date.block
  format.btitle "title" output.check
  crossref missing$
    {
      format.bvolume output
      format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check
      new.block
      format.edition output
      new.sentence
      format.number.series output
      format.publisher.address output
    }
    {
      format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check
      new.block
      format.book.crossref output.nonnull
    }
  if$
  format.doi output
  new.block
  format.note output
  output.web.refs  % urlbst
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {incollection}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
  author format.key output
  name.or.dash
  format.date "year" output.check
  date.block
  format.title "title" output.check
  new.block
  crossref missing$
    { format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
      format.edition output
      format.chapter.pages output
      new.sentence
      format.number.series output
      format.publisher.address output
    }
    { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
      format.chapter.pages output
    }
  if$
  format.doi output
  new.block
  format.note output
  output.web.refs  % urlbst
  fin.entry
}
FUNCTION {inproceedings}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
  author format.key output
  name.or.dash
  format.date "year" output.check
  date.block
  format.title "title" output.check
  new.block
  crossref missing$
    { format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
      format.pages output
      new.sentence
      format.number.series output
      publisher empty$
        { format.organization.address output }
        { organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
          format.publisher.address output
        }
      if$
    }
    { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
      format.pages output
    }
  if$
  format.doi output
  new.block
  format.note output
  output.web.refs  % urlbst
  fin.entry
}
FUNCTION {conference} { inproceedings }
FUNCTION {manual}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors output
  author format.key output
  name.or.dash
  format.date "year" output.check
  date.block
  format.btitle "title" output.check
  organization address new.block.checkb
  organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
  address "address" bibinfo.check output
  format.edition output
  format.doi output
  new.block
  format.note output
  output.web.refs  % urlbst
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {mastersthesis}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
  author format.key output
  name.or.dash
  format.date "year" output.check
  date.block
  format.title
  "title" output.check
  new.block
  bbl.mthesis format.thesis.type output.nonnull
  school "school" bibinfo.warn output
  address "address" bibinfo.check output
  format.doi output
  new.block
  format.note output
  output.web.refs  % urlbst
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {misc}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors output
  author format.key output
  name.or.dash
  format.date "year" output.check
  date.block
  format.title output
  new.block
  howpublished "howpublished" bibinfo.check output
  format.doi output
  new.block
  format.note output
  output.web.refs  % urlbst
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {periodical}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
  author format.key output
  name.or.dash
  format.date "year" output.check
  date.block
  format.title "title" output.check
  new.block
  crossref missing$
    {
      journal
      "journal" bibinfo.check
      emphasize
      "journal" output.check
%      add.blank
 	  month
	  "month" output.check
      format.vol.num.pages output
    }
    { format.article.crossref output.nonnull
      format.pages output
    }
  if$
  new.block
  format.note output
  format.eprint output
  output.web.refs  % urlbst
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {phdthesis}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
  author format.key output
  name.or.dash
  format.date "year" output.check
  date.block
  format.title
  "title" output.check
  new.block
  bbl.phdthesis format.thesis.type output.nonnull
  school "school" bibinfo.warn output
  address "address" bibinfo.check output
  format.doi output
  new.block
  format.note output
  output.web.refs  % urlbst
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {proceedings}
{ output.bibitem
  format.editors output
  editor format.key output
  name.or.dash
  format.date "year" output.check
  date.block
  format.btitle "title" output.check
  format.bvolume output
  new.sentence
  format.number.series output
  publisher empty$
    { format.organization.address output }
    { organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
      format.publisher.address output
    }
  if$
  format.doi output
  new.block
  format.note output
  output.web.refs  % urlbst
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {techreport}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
  author format.key output
  name.or.dash
  format.date "year" output.check
  date.block
  format.title
  "title" output.check
  new.block
  format.tr.number output.nonnull
  institution "institution" bibinfo.warn output
  address "address" bibinfo.check output
  format.doi output
  new.block
  format.note output
  output.web.refs  % urlbst
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {unpublished}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
  author format.key output
  name.or.dash
  format.date "year" output.check
  date.block
  format.title "title" output.check
  format.doi output
  new.block
  format.note "note" output.check
  output.web.refs  % urlbst
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {default.type} { misc }
READ
FUNCTION {sortify}
{ purify$
  "l" change.case$
}
INTEGERS { len }
FUNCTION {chop.word}
{ 's :=
  'len :=
  s #1 len substring$ =
    { s len #1 + global.max$ substring$ }
    's
  if$
}
FUNCTION {format.lab.names}
{ 's :=
  "" 't :=
  s #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
  s num.names$ duplicate$
  #2 >
    { pop$
      " " * bbl.etal *
    }
    { #2 <
        'skip$
        { s #2 "{ff }{vv }{ll}{ jj}" format.name$ "others" =
            {
              " " * bbl.etal *
            }
            { bbl.and space.word * s #2 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
              * }
          if$
        }
      if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {author.key.label}
{ author empty$
    { key empty$
        { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
        'key
      if$
    }
    { author format.lab.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {author.editor.key.label}
{ author empty$
    { editor empty$
        { key empty$
            { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
            'key
          if$
        }
        { editor format.lab.names }
      if$
    }
    { author format.lab.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {editor.key.label}
{ editor empty$
    { key empty$
        { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
        'key
      if$
    }
    { editor format.lab.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {calc.short.authors}
{ type$ "book" =
  type$ "inbook" =
  or
    'author.editor.key.label
    { type$ "proceedings" =
        'editor.key.label
        'author.key.label
      if$
    }
  if$
  'short.list :=
}

FUNCTION {calc.label}
{ calc.short.authors
  short.list
  "("
  *
  year duplicate$ empty$
     { pop$ "" }
     'skip$
  if$
  *
  'label :=
}

FUNCTION {sort.format.names}
{ 's :=
  #1 'nameptr :=
  ""
  s num.names$ 'numnames :=
  numnames 'namesleft :=
    { namesleft #0 > }
    { s nameptr
      "{ll{ }}{  ff{ }}{  jj{ }}"
      format.name$ 't :=
      nameptr #1 >
        {
          "   "  *
          namesleft #1 = t "others" = and
            { "zzzzz" * }
            { t sortify * }
          if$
        }
        { t sortify * }
      if$
      nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
      namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
    }
  while$
}

FUNCTION {sort.format.title}
{ 't :=
  "A " #2
    "An " #3
      "The " #4 t chop.word
    chop.word
  chop.word
  sortify
  #1 global.max$ substring$
}
FUNCTION {author.sort}
{ author empty$
    { key empty$
        { "to sort, need author or key in " cite$ * warning$
          ""
        }
        { key sortify }
      if$
    }
    { author sort.format.names }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {author.editor.sort}
{ author empty$
    { editor empty$
        { key empty$
            { "to sort, need author, editor, or key in " cite$ * warning$
              ""
            }
            { key sortify }
          if$
        }
        { editor sort.format.names }
      if$
    }
    { author sort.format.names }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {editor.sort}
{ editor empty$
    { key empty$
        { "to sort, need editor or key in " cite$ * warning$
          ""
        }
        { key sortify }
      if$
    }
    { editor sort.format.names }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {presort}
{ calc.label
  label sortify
  "    "
  *
  type$ "book" =
  type$ "inbook" =
  or
    'author.editor.sort
    { type$ "proceedings" =
        'editor.sort
        'author.sort
      if$
    }
  if$
  #1 entry.max$ substring$
  'sort.label :=
  sort.label
  *
  "    "
  *
  title field.or.null
  sort.format.title
  *
  #1 entry.max$ substring$
  'sort.key$ :=
}

ITERATE {presort}
SORT
STRINGS { last.label next.extra }
INTEGERS { last.extra.num number.label }
FUNCTION {initialize.extra.label.stuff}
{ #0 int.to.chr$ 'last.label :=
  "" 'next.extra :=
  #0 'last.extra.num :=
  #0 'number.label :=
}
FUNCTION {forward.pass}
{ last.label label =
    { last.extra.num #1 + 'last.extra.num :=
      last.extra.num int.to.chr$ 'extra.label :=
    }
    { "a" chr.to.int$ 'last.extra.num :=
      "" 'extra.label :=
      label 'last.label :=
    }
  if$
  number.label #1 + 'number.label :=
}
FUNCTION {reverse.pass}
{ next.extra "b" =
    { "a" 'extra.label := }
    'skip$
  if$
  extra.label 'next.extra :=
  extra.label
  duplicate$ empty$
    'skip$
    { "{\natexlab{" swap$ * "}}" * }
  if$
  'extra.label :=
  label extra.label * 'label :=
}
EXECUTE {initialize.extra.label.stuff}
ITERATE {forward.pass}
REVERSE {reverse.pass}
FUNCTION {bib.sort.order}
{ sort.label
  "    "
  *
  year field.or.null sortify
  *
  "    "
  *
  title field.or.null
  sort.format.title
  *
  #1 entry.max$ substring$
  'sort.key$ :=
}
ITERATE {bib.sort.order}
SORT
FUNCTION {begin.bib}
{ preamble$ empty$
    'skip$
    { preamble$ write$ newline$ }
  if$
  "\begin{thebibliography}{" number.label int.to.str$ * "}" *
  write$ newline$
  "\providecommand{\natexlab}[1]{#1}"
  write$ newline$
  "\expandafter\ifx\csname urlstyle\endcsname\relax"
  write$ newline$
  "  \providecommand{\doi}[1]{doi:\discretionary{}{}{}#1}\else"
  write$ newline$
  "  \providecommand{\doi}{doi:\discretionary{}{}{}\begingroup \urlstyle{rm}\Url}\fi"
  write$ newline$
}
EXECUTE {begin.bib}
EXECUTE {init.config.constants}
EXECUTE {init.state.consts}
ITERATE {call.type$}
FUNCTION {end.bib}
{ newline$
  "\end{thebibliography}" write$ newline$
}
EXECUTE {end.bib}
%% End of customized bst file
%%
%% End of file `chicagonap.bst'.