[OS X TeX] cite package broken?

Ralph Martin Ralph.Martin at cs.cardiff.ac.uk
Wed Apr 22 11:42:38 EDT 2009


Herb

thanks for your reply.

On 22 Apr 2009, at 2:07:05PM, Herbert Schulz wrote:
> Are you running (pdf)latex and then bibtex and final runs of  
> (pdf)latex?

Yes, via pdflatexmk.

I have also tried running bibtex manually, etc.

> Is your bibliography part of your document or in a separate bib  
> database?

separate bib file.


> Could you supply a minimal but compilable example (with a minimal  
> bib file) for us to examine?
Here's a very minimal example:

The reference list is produced as expected at the end of the paper but  
the citation itself is empty, i.e. appears as [].

------------------------Latex source-------------
%!TEX TS-program = pdflatexmk
\documentclass[11pt]{article}
\usepackage{cite}
\title{Brief Article}
\author{The Author}
\begin{document}
\maketitle
\section{First}
As noted in~\cite{ABC},  we see nothing..
\bibliographystyle{eg-alpha}
\bibliography{mybib}
\end{document}
------------------------mybib.bib source-------------
  @InProceedings{ABC,
   author       = "Jones, Fred",
   title        = "A paper",
   booktitle    = "Symposium on Stuff",
   year         = "2007",
}
-----------------------------------------------------

eg-alpha.bst is supplied by the conference organisers, Eurographics.   
See below. I've used it many times before.

% EG:	bibliographies style for EUROGRAPHICS publications
%    derived from BI_NUM (which originates from ACM Transactions  
bibliography style)
%            and  ALPHA  (with \etalchar{*}).
%
%    modifications:
%            - labels for bibitem are computed according to alpha.bst
%            - names are included in {\sc ... :}
%            - no period after line listing the authors
%            - no comma within a name
%            - names are separated by comma
%            - new database item STANDARD; its like MANUAL but an  
optional
%              VERSION field is added after TITLE
%
%    History
%     7.08.90 (DF) above modifications
%    20.11.90 (DF) add title handling for GARTICLE: format.german.title
%    24.05.91 (DF) port to BibTeX 0.99 (using ACM.BST as the source to  
start from)
%    10.04.93 (DF) fix semicolon between editors and "(Ed[s].)":  
scapify;
%                   use \uppercase{longest.label} to reserve enough  
space
%    11.09.03 (DF) adapt to LateX 2e conventions
%     9.01.06 (DF) Fixing double ',' after second editor in  
format.innames
%                   contributed by Dmitry Sokolov
%
%
% ACM Transactions bibliography style (24-Jan-88 version)
%    A lot like abbrv.bst, but names come out "Last, initials", and in  
\sc.
%    Some dates are parenthesized.
%
%    History
%     2/ 6/86    (HWT)    Original version, by Howard Trickey.
%     3/ 5/86    (HWT)    Put in pp. everywhere but articles, as per  
ACM style.
%     1/24/88    (OP&HWT) Updated for BibTeX version 0.99a, Oren  
Patashnik;
%            corrected the abbreviations to "Mar." and "Sept.";
%            THIS `acm' VERSION DOES NOT WORK WITH BIBTEX 0.98i.

ENTRY
   { address
     author
     booktitle
     chapter
     edition
     editor
     howpublished
     institution
     journal
     key
     month
     note
     number
     organization
     pages
     publisher
     school
     series
     title
     type
     version
     volume
     year
   }
   {}
   { label extra.label sort.label }

INTEGERS { output.state before.all mid.sentence after.sentence  
after.block }

FUNCTION {init.state.consts}
{ #0 'before.all :=
   #1 'mid.sentence :=
   #2 'after.sentence :=
   #3 'after.block :=
}

STRINGS { s t }

FUNCTION {output.nonnull}
{ 's :=
   output.state mid.sentence =
     { ", " * write$ }
     { output.state after.block =
         { add.period$ write$
           newline$
           "\newblock " write$
         }
         { output.state before.all =
             'write$
             { add.period$ " " * write$ }
           if$
         }
       if$
       mid.sentence 'output.state :=
     }
   if$
   s
}

FUNCTION {output.nonnull.noperiod}
{ 's :=
   output.state mid.sentence =
     { ", " * write$ }
     { output.state after.block =
         { write$
           newline$
           "\newblock " write$
         }
         { output.state before.all =
             'write$
             { " " * write$ }
           if$
         }
       if$
       mid.sentence 'output.state :=
     }
   if$
   s
}

FUNCTION {output}
{ duplicate$ empty$
     'pop$
     'output.nonnull
   if$
}

FUNCTION {output.noperiod}
{ duplicate$ empty$
     'pop$
     'output.nonnull.noperiod
   if$
}

FUNCTION {output.check}
{ 't :=
   duplicate$ empty$
     { pop$ "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }
     'output.nonnull
   if$
}

FUNCTION {output.check.noperiod}
{ 't :=
   duplicate$ empty$
     { pop$ "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }
     'output.nonnull.noperiod
   if$
}

FUNCTION {output.bibitem}
{ newline$
   "\bibitem[" write$
   label write$
   "]{" write$
   cite$ write$
   "}" write$
   newline$
   ""
   before.all 'output.state :=
}

FUNCTION {fin.entry}
{ add.period$
   write$
   newline$
}

FUNCTION {new.block}
{ output.state before.all =
     'skip$
     { after.block 'output.state := }
   if$
}

FUNCTION {new.sentence}
{ output.state after.block =
     'skip$
     { output.state before.all =
         'skip$
         { after.sentence 'output.state := }
       if$
     }
   if$
}

FUNCTION {not}
{   { #0 }
     { #1 }
   if$
}

FUNCTION {and}
{   'skip$
     { pop$ #0 }
   if$
}

FUNCTION {or}
{   { pop$ #1 }
     'skip$
   if$
}

FUNCTION {new.block.checka}
{ empty$
     'skip$
     'new.block
   if$
}

FUNCTION {new.block.checkb}
{ empty$
   swap$ empty$
   and
     'skip$
     'new.block
   if$
}

FUNCTION {new.sentence.checka}
{ empty$
     'skip$
     'new.sentence
   if$
}

FUNCTION {new.sentence.checkb}
{ empty$
   swap$ empty$
   and
     'skip$
     'new.sentence
   if$
}

FUNCTION {field.or.null}
{ duplicate$ empty$
     { pop$ "" }
     'skip$
   if$
}

FUNCTION {emphasize}
{ duplicate$ empty$
     { pop$ "" }
     { "\emph{" swap$ * "}" * }
   if$
}

FUNCTION {emphasizeic}
{ duplicate$ empty$
     { pop$ "" }
     { "\emph{" swap$ * "}" * }
   if$
}

FUNCTION {scapify}
{ duplicate$ empty$
     { pop$ "" }
     { "\textsc{" swap$ * "}" * }
   if$
}

INTEGERS { nameptr namesleft numnames }

FUNCTION {format.names}
{ 's :=
   #1 'nameptr :=
   s num.names$ 'numnames :=
   numnames 'namesleft :=
   { namesleft #0 > }
     { s nameptr "{vv~}{ll}{ jj}{ f.}" format.name$ 't :=
     nameptr #1 >
       { namesleft #1 >
           { ", " * t * }
           { t "others" =
               { ", et~al." * }
               { ", " * t * }
             if$
           }
         if$
       }
       't
     if$
     nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
     namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
     }
   while$
}

% For names inside entries (e.g., editors of an "In ...");
% this is exactly ABBRV.BST's `format.names' function.
FUNCTION {format.innames}
{ 's :=
   #1 'nameptr :=
   s num.names$ 'numnames :=
   numnames 'namesleft :=
   { namesleft #0 > }
     { s nameptr "{vv~}{ll}{ jj}{ f.}" format.name$ 't :=
     nameptr #1 >
       { namesleft #1 >
           { ", " * t * }
	  {
% FWD 9.1.06
% Fixing double ',' after second editor - by Dmitry Sokolov, Jan 06:
%          { numnames #2 >
%              { "," * }
%              'skip$
%            if$
             t "others" =
               { " et~al." * }
               { ", " * t * }
             if$
           }
         if$
       }
       't
     if$
     nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
     namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
     }
   while$
}

FUNCTION {format.authors}
{ author empty$
     { "" }
     { author format.names scapify ":" * }
   if$
}

FUNCTION {format.editors}
{ editor empty$
     { "" }
     { editor format.names scapify
       editor num.names$ #1 >
         { " (Eds.):" * }
         { " (Ed.):" * }
       if$
     }
   if$
}

FUNCTION {format.ineditors}
{ editor empty$
     { "" }
     { editor format.innames
       editor num.names$ #1 >
         { ", (Eds.)" * }
         { ", (Ed.)" * }
       if$
     }
   if$
}

FUNCTION {format.title}
{ title empty$
     { "" }
     { title "t" change.case$ }
   if$
}

FUNCTION {format.german.title}
{ title field.or.null
}

FUNCTION {n.dashify}
{ 't :=
   ""
   { t empty$ not }
     { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" =
         { t #1 #2 substring$ "--" = not
             { "--" *
               t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
             }
             { { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" = }
                 { "-" *
                   t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
                 }
               while$
             }
           if$
         }
         { t #1 #1 substring$ *
           t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
         }
       if$
     }
   while$
}

FUNCTION {format.date}
{ year empty$
     { month empty$
         { "" }
         { "there's a month but no year in " cite$ * warning$
           month
         }
       if$
     }
     { month empty$
         'year
         { month " " * year * }
       if$
     }
   if$
}

FUNCTION {format.btitle}
{ title emphasize
}

FUNCTION {tie.or.space.connect}
{ duplicate$ text.length$ #3 <
     { "~" }
     { " " }
   if$
   swap$ * *
}

FUNCTION {either.or.check}
{ empty$
     'pop$
     { "can't use both " swap$ * " fields in " * cite$ * warning$ }
   if$
}

FUNCTION {format.bvolume}
{ volume empty$
     { "" }
     { "vol.~" volume *
       series empty$
         'skip$
         { " of " * series emphasize * }
       if$
       "volume and number" number either.or.check
     }
   if$
}

FUNCTION {format.number.series}
{ volume empty$
     { number empty$
         { series field.or.null }
         { output.state mid.sentence =
             { "no.~" }
             { "No.~" }
           if$
           number *
           series empty$
             { "there's a number but no series in " cite$ * warning$ }
             { " in " * series * }
           if$
         }
       if$
     }
     { "" }
   if$
}

FUNCTION {format.edition}
{ edition empty$
     { "" }
     { output.state mid.sentence =
         { edition "l" change.case$ "~ed." * }
         { edition "t" change.case$ "~ed." * }
       if$
     }
   if$
}

FUNCTION {format.pages}
{ pages empty$
     { "" }
     { pages n.dashify }
   if$
}

INTEGERS { multiresult }

FUNCTION {multi.page.check}
{ 't :=
   #0 'multiresult :=
   { multiresult not  t empty$ not  and }
     { t #1 #1 substring$
       duplicate$ "-" =
       swap$ duplicate$ "," =
       swap$ "+" =
       or or
         { #1 'multiresult := }
         { t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := }
       if$
     }
   while$
   multiresult
}

FUNCTION {format.pp.pages}
{ pages empty$
     { "" }
     { pages multi.page.check
         { "pp.~" pages n.dashify * }
         { "p.~" pages * }
       if$
     }
   if$
}

FUNCTION {format.journal.vol.num.date}
{ journal empty$
     { "empty journal in " cite$ * warning$
       ""
     }
     { journal
       volume empty$
         'skip$
         { " " * volume * }
       if$
       number empty$
         'emphasizeic
         { emphasize ", " * number * }
       if$
       year empty$
         { "empty year in " cite$ * warning$ }
         { " (" * format.date * ")" * }
       if$
     }
   if$
}

FUNCTION {format.chapter.pages}
{ chapter empty$
     'format.pp.pages
     { type empty$
         { "ch.~" chapter * }
         { type "l" change.case$ chapter tie.or.space.connect }
       if$
       pages empty$
         'skip$
         { ", " * format.pp.pages * }
       if$
     }
   if$
}

FUNCTION {format.in.ed.booktitle}
{ booktitle empty$
     { "" }
     { "In " booktitle emphasize *
       editor empty$
         'skip$
         { ", " * format.ineditors * }
       if$
     }
   if$
}

% The proceedings title (it's on the stack) gets an (address, date)  
appended
FUNCTION {format.proc.date}
{ duplicate$ empty$
     { pop$ "" }
     { year empty$
         { "empty year in " cite$ * warning$
           address empty$
             'emphasize
             { emphasizeic
               " (" * address * ")" *
             }
           if$
         }
         { emphasizeic
           " (" *
           address empty$
             'skip$
             { address * ", " * }
           if$
           format.date *
           ")" *
         }
       if$
     }
   if$
}

FUNCTION {format.in.proc.date}
{ booktitle empty$
     { "" }
     { "In " booktitle format.proc.date * }
   if$
}

FUNCTION {empty.misc.check}
{ author empty$ title empty$ howpublished empty$
   month empty$ year empty$ note empty$
   and and and and and
   key empty$ not and
     { "all relevant fields are empty in " cite$ * warning$ }
     'skip$
   if$
}

FUNCTION {format.thesis.type}
{ type empty$
     'skip$
     { pop$
       type "t" change.case$
     }
   if$
}

FUNCTION {format.tr.number}
{ type empty$
     { "Tech. Rep." }
     'type
   if$
   number empty$
     { "t" change.case$ }
     { number tie.or.space.connect }
   if$
}

FUNCTION {format.article.crossref}
{ key empty$
     { journal empty$
         { "need key or journal for " cite$ * " to crossref " *  
crossref *
           warning$
           ""
         }
         { "In \emph{" journal * "}" * }
       if$
     }
     { "In " key * }
   if$
   " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
}

FUNCTION {format.crossref.editor}
{ editor #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
   editor num.names$ duplicate$
   #2 >
     { pop$ " et~al." * }
     { #2 <
         'skip$
         { editor #2 "{vv~}{ll}{ jj}{ f.}" format.name$ "others" =
             { " et~al." * }
             { " and " * editor #2 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ * }
           if$
         }
       if$
     }
   if$
}

FUNCTION {format.book.crossref}
{ volume empty$
     { "empty volume in " cite$ * "'s crossref of " * crossref *  
warning$
       "In "
     }
     { "Vol.~" volume *
       " of " *
     }
   if$
   editor empty$
   editor field.or.null author field.or.null =
   or
     { key empty$
         { series empty$
             { "need editor, key, or series for " cite$ * " to  
crossref " *
               crossref * warning$
               "" *
             }
             { "\emph{" * series * "}" * }
           if$
         }
         { key * }
       if$
     }
     { format.crossref.editor * }
   if$
   " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
}

FUNCTION {format.incoll.inproc.crossref}
{ editor empty$
   editor field.or.null author field.or.null =
   or
     { key empty$
         { booktitle empty$
             { "need editor, key, or booktitle for " cite$ * " to  
crossref " *
               crossref * warning$
               ""
             }
             { "In \emph{" booktitle * "}" * }
           if$
         }
         { "In " key * }
       if$
     }
     { "In " format.crossref.editor * }
   if$
   " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
}

FUNCTION {article}
{ output.bibitem
   format.authors "author" output.check
   new.block
   format.title "title" output.check.noperiod
   new.block
   crossref missing$
     { format.journal.vol.num.date output
       format.pages output
     }
     { format.article.crossref output.nonnull
       format.pp.pages output
     }
   if$
   new.block
   note output
   fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {garticle}
{ output.bibitem
   format.authors "author" output.check
   new.block
   format.german.title "title" output.check.noperiod
   new.block
   crossref missing$
     { format.journal.vol.num.date output
       format.pages output
     }
     { format.article.crossref output.nonnull
       format.pp.pages output
     }
   if$
   new.block
   note output
   fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {book}
{ output.bibitem
   author empty$
     { format.editors "author and editor" output.check }
     { format.authors output.nonnull
       crossref missing$
         { "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
         'skip$
       if$
     }
   if$
   new.block
   format.btitle "title" output.check.noperiod
   format.edition output
   crossref missing$
     { format.bvolume output
       new.block
       format.number.series output
       new.sentence
       publisher "publisher" output.check
       address output
     }
     { new.block
       format.book.crossref output.nonnull
     }
   if$
   format.date "year" output.check
   new.block
   note output
   fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {booklet}
{ output.bibitem
   format.authors output
   new.block
   format.title "title" output.check.noperiod
   howpublished address new.block.checkb
   howpublished output
   address output
   format.date output
   new.block
   note output
   fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {inbook}
{ output.bibitem
   author empty$
     { format.editors "author and editor" output.check }
     { format.authors output.nonnull
       crossref missing$
         { "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
         'skip$
       if$
     }
   if$
   new.block
   format.btitle "title" output.check.noperiod
   format.edition output
   crossref missing$
     { format.bvolume output
       new.block
       format.number.series output
       new.sentence
       publisher "publisher" output.check
       address output
     }
     { new.block
       format.book.crossref output.nonnull
     }
   if$
   format.date "year" output.check
   format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check
   new.block
   note output
   fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {incollection}
{ output.bibitem
   format.authors "author" output.check
   new.block
   format.title "title" output.check.noperiod
   new.block
   crossref missing$
     { format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
       format.edition output
       format.bvolume output
       format.number.series output
       new.sentence
       publisher "publisher" output.check
       address output
       format.date "year" output.check
     }
     { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull }
   if$
   format.chapter.pages output
   new.block
   note output
   fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {inproceedings}
{ output.bibitem
   format.authors "author" output.check
   new.block
   format.title "title" output.check.noperiod
   new.block
   crossref missing$
     { format.in.proc.date "booktitle" output.check
       format.ineditors output
       format.bvolume output
       format.number.series output
       organization output
       publisher output
     }
     { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull }
   if$
   format.pp.pages output
   new.block
   note output
   fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {conference} { inproceedings }

FUNCTION {manual}
{ output.bibitem
   author empty$
     { organization scapify ":" * output }
     { format.authors output.nonnull }
   if$
   new.block
   format.btitle "title" output.check.noperiod
   format.edition output
   author empty$
     { address new.block.checka }
     { organization address new.block.checkb
       organization output
     }
   if$
   address output
   format.date output
   new.block
   note output
   fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {standard}
{ output.bibitem
   author empty$
     { organization scapify ":" * output }
     { format.authors output.nonnull }
   if$
   new.block
   format.btitle "title" output.check.noperiod
   version output
   format.edition output
   author empty$
     { address new.block.checka }
     { organization address new.block.checkb
       organization output
     }
   if$
   address output
   format.date output
   new.block
   note output
   fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {mastersthesis}
{ output.bibitem
   format.authors "author" output.check
   new.block
   format.btitle "title" output.check.noperiod
   new.block
   "Master's thesis" format.thesis.type output.nonnull
   school "school" output.check
   address output
   format.date "year" output.check
   new.block
   note output
   fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {misc}
{ output.bibitem
   format.authors output
   title howpublished new.block.checkb
   format.title output.noperiod
   howpublished new.block.checka
   howpublished output
   format.date output
   new.block
   note output
   fin.entry
   empty.misc.check
}

FUNCTION {phdthesis}
{ output.bibitem
   format.authors "author" output.check
   new.block
   format.btitle "title" output.check.noperiod
   new.block
   "PhD thesis" format.thesis.type output.nonnull
   school "school" output.check
   address output
   format.date "year" output.check
   new.block
   note output
   fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {proceedings}
{ output.bibitem
   editor empty$
     { organization scapify ":" * output }
     { format.editors output.nonnull }
   if$
   new.block
   title format.proc.date "title" output.check
   format.bvolume output
   format.number.series output
   editor empty$
     'skip$
     { organization output }
   if$
   publisher output
   new.block
   note output
   fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {techreport}
{ output.bibitem
   format.authors "author" output.check
   new.block
   format.btitle "title" output.check.noperiod
   new.block
   format.tr.number output.nonnull
   institution "institution" output.check
   address output
   format.date "year" output.check
   new.block
   note output
   fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {unpublished}
{ output.bibitem
   format.authors "author" output.check
   new.block
   format.title "title" output.check.noperiod
   new.block
   note "note" output.check
   format.date output
   fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {default.type} { misc }

MACRO {jan} {"Jan."}

MACRO {feb} {"Feb."}

MACRO {mar} {"Mar."}

MACRO {apr} {"Apr."}

MACRO {may} {"May"}

MACRO {jun} {"June"}

MACRO {jul} {"July"}

MACRO {aug} {"Aug."}

MACRO {sep} {"Sept."}

MACRO {oct} {"Oct."}

MACRO {nov} {"Nov."}

MACRO {dec} {"Dec."}

MACRO {acmcg} {"Computer Graphics"}

MACRO {acmcs} {"ACM Comput. Surv."}

MACRO {acta} {"Acta Inf."}

MACRO {c&g} {"Computers \& Graphics"}

MACRO {cacm} {"Commun. ACM"}

MACRO {cgforum} {"Computer Graphics Forum"}

MACRO {computer} {"IEEE Computer"}

MACRO {ibmjrd} {"IBM J. Res. Dev."}

MACRO {ibmsj} {"IBM Syst.~J."}

MACRO {ieeecg} {"IEEE CG\&A"}

MACRO {ieeese} {"IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng."}

MACRO {ieeetc} {"IEEE Trans. Comput."}

MACRO {ieeetcad} {"IEEE Trans. Comput.-Aided Design Integrated  
Circuits"}

MACRO {ipl} {"Inf. Process. Lett."}

MACRO {jacm} {"J.~ACM"}

MACRO {jcss} {"J.~Comput. Syst. Sci."}

MACRO {scp} {"Sci. Comput. Programming"}

MACRO {sicomp} {"SIAM J. Comput."}

MACRO {tocs} {"ACM Trans. Comput. Syst."}

MACRO {tods} {"ACM Trans. Database Syst."}

MACRO {tog} {"ACM TOG"}

MACRO {tosem} {"ACM Trans. Softw. Eng. Method."}

MACRO {toms} {"ACM Trans. Math. Softw."}

MACRO {toois} {"ACM Trans. Office Inf. Syst."}

MACRO {toplas} {"ACM Trans. Program. Lang. Syst."}

MACRO {tcs} {"Theoretical Comput. Sci."}

READ

FUNCTION {sortify}
{ purify$
   "l" change.case$
}

INTEGERS { len }

FUNCTION {chop.word}
{ 's :=
   'len :=
   s #1 len substring$ =
     { s len #1 + global.max$ substring$ }
     's
   if$
}

%% DF 24.5.91
%%   insert from ALPHA.bst %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

INTEGERS { et.al.char.used }

FUNCTION {initialize.et.al.char.used}
{ #0 'et.al.char.used :=
}

EXECUTE {initialize.et.al.char.used}

FUNCTION {format.lab.names}
{ 's :=
   s num.names$ 'numnames :=
   numnames #1 >
     { numnames #4 >
         { #3 'namesleft := }
         { numnames 'namesleft := }
       if$
       #1 'nameptr :=
       ""
       { namesleft #0 > }
         { nameptr numnames =
             { s nameptr "{ff }{vv }{ll}{ jj}" format.name$ "others" =
                 { "{\etalchar{*}}" *
                   #1 'et.al.char.used :=
                 }
                 { s nameptr "{v{}}{l{}}" format.name$ * }
               if$
             }
             { s nameptr "{v{}}{l{}}" format.name$ * }
           if$
           nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
           namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
         }
       while$
       numnames #4 >
         { "{\etalchar{*}}" *
           #1 'et.al.char.used :=
         }
         'skip$
       if$
     }
     { s #1 "{v{}}{l{}}" format.name$
       duplicate$ text.length$ #2 <
         { pop$ s #1 "{ll}" format.name$ #3 text.prefix$ }
         'skip$
       if$
     }
   if$
}

FUNCTION {author.key.label}
{ author empty$
     { key empty$
         { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
         { key #3 text.prefix$ }
       if$
     }
     { author format.lab.names }
   if$
}

FUNCTION {author.editor.key.label}
{ author empty$
     { editor empty$
         { key empty$
             { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
             { key #3 text.prefix$ }
           if$
         }
         { editor format.lab.names }
       if$
     }
     { author format.lab.names }
   if$
}

FUNCTION {author.key.organization.label}
{ author empty$
     { key empty$
         { organization empty$
             { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
             { "The " #4 organization chop.word #3 text.prefix$ }
           if$
         }
         { key #3 text.prefix$ }
       if$
     }
     { author format.lab.names }
   if$
}

FUNCTION {editor.key.organization.label}
{ editor empty$
     { key empty$
         { organization empty$
             { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
             { "The " #4 organization chop.word #3 text.prefix$ }
           if$
         }
         { key #3 text.prefix$ }
       if$
     }
     { editor format.lab.names }
   if$
}

FUNCTION {calc.label}
{ type$ "book" =
   type$ "inbook" =
   or
     'author.editor.key.label
     { type$ "proceedings" =
         'editor.key.organization.label
         { type$ "manual" =
             'author.key.organization.label
             'author.key.label
           if$
         }
       if$
     }
   if$
   duplicate$
   year field.or.null purify$ #-1 #2 substring$
   *
   'label :=
   year field.or.null purify$ #-1 #4 substring$
   *
   sortify 'sort.label :=
}

%%   end insert from ALPHA.bst %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%


FUNCTION {sort.format.names}
{ 's :=
   #1 'nameptr :=
   ""
   s num.names$ 'numnames :=
   numnames 'namesleft :=
   { namesleft #0 > }
     { nameptr #1 >
         { "   " * }
         'skip$
       if$
       s nameptr "{vv{ } }{ll{ }}{  f{ }}{  jj{ }}" format.name$ 't :=
       nameptr numnames = t "others" = and
         { "et al" * }
         { t sortify * }
       if$
       nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
       namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
     }
   while$
}

FUNCTION {sort.format.title}
{ 't :=
   "A " #2
     "An " #3
       "The " #4 t chop.word
     chop.word
   chop.word
   sortify
   #1 global.max$ substring$
}

FUNCTION {author.sort}
{ author empty$
     { key empty$
         { "to sort, need author or key in " cite$ * warning$
           ""
         }
         { key sortify }
       if$
     }
     { author sort.format.names }
   if$
}

FUNCTION {author.editor.sort}
{ author empty$
     { editor empty$
         { key empty$
             { "to sort, need author, editor, or key in " cite$ *  
warning$
               ""
             }
             { key sortify }
           if$
         }
         { editor sort.format.names }
       if$
     }
     { author sort.format.names }
   if$
}

FUNCTION {author.organization.sort}
{ author empty$
     { organization empty$
         { key empty$
             { "to sort, need author, organization, or key in " cite$  
* warning$
               ""
             }
             { key sortify }
           if$
         }
         { "The " #4 organization chop.word sortify }
       if$
     }
     { author sort.format.names }
   if$
}

FUNCTION {editor.organization.sort}
{ editor empty$
     { organization empty$
         { key empty$
             { "to sort, need editor, organization, or key in " cite$  
* warning$
               ""
             }
             { key sortify }
           if$
         }
         { "The " #4 organization chop.word sortify }
       if$
     }
     { editor sort.format.names }
   if$
}

FUNCTION {presort}
{ calc.label		%% DF 24.5.91:  inserted from ALPHA
   sort.label		%% DF 24.5.91:  inserted from ALPHA
   "    "		%% DF 24.5.91:  inserted from ALPHA
   *			%% DF 24.5.91:  inserted from ALPHA
   type$ "book" =
   type$ "inbook" =
   or
     'author.editor.sort
     { type$ "proceedings" =
         'editor.organization.sort
         { type$ "manual" =
           type$ "standard" =
           or
             'author.organization.sort
             'author.sort
           if$
         }
       if$
     }
   if$
   *			%% DF 24.5.91:  inserted from ALPHA
   "    "
   *
   year field.or.null sortify
   *
   "    "
   *
   title field.or.null
   sort.format.title
   *
   #1 entry.max$ substring$
   'sort.key$ :=
}

ITERATE {presort}

SORT

STRINGS { longest.label last.sort.label next.extra }

INTEGERS { longest.label.width last.extra.num }

FUNCTION {initialize.longest.label}	%% DF 24.5.91:  whole function  
replaced from ALPHA
{ "" 'longest.label :=
   #0 int.to.chr$ 'last.sort.label :=
   "" 'next.extra :=
   #0 'longest.label.width :=
   #0 'last.extra.num :=
}

%% DF 24.5.91
%%   FUNCTION {longest.label.pass} ...
%% replaced by

FUNCTION {forward.pass}
{ last.sort.label sort.label =
     { last.extra.num #1 + 'last.extra.num :=
       last.extra.num int.to.chr$ 'extra.label :=
     }
     { "a" chr.to.int$ 'last.extra.num :=
       "" 'extra.label :=
       sort.label 'last.sort.label :=
     }
   if$
}

FUNCTION {reverse.pass}
{ next.extra "b" =
     { "a" 'extra.label := }
     'skip$
   if$
   label extra.label * 'label :=
   label width$ longest.label.width >
     { label 'longest.label :=
       label width$ 'longest.label.width :=
     }
     'skip$
   if$
   extra.label 'next.extra :=
}

%% end replace %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%


EXECUTE {initialize.longest.label}

%% DF 24.5.91:
%%   replace  ITERATE {longest.label.pass}
%% by:

ITERATE {forward.pass}

REVERSE {reverse.pass}

%% end replacement %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

FUNCTION {begin.bib}
{ et.al.char.used						%% insert from ALPHA
     { "\newcommand{\etalchar}[1]{$^{#1}$}" write$ newline$ }	%%  
insert from ALPHA
     'skip$							%% insert from ALPHA
   if$								%% insert from ALPHA
   preamble$ empty$
     'skip$
     { preamble$ write$ newline$ }
   if$
   "\begin{thebibliography}{\uppercase{"  longest.label  * "}}" * write 
$ newline$
}

EXECUTE {begin.bib}

EXECUTE {init.state.consts}

ITERATE {call.type$}

FUNCTION {end.bib}
{ newline$
   "\end{thebibliography}" write$ newline$
}

EXECUTE {end.bib}

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Best wishes

Ralph
--
Prof Ralph Martin           Phone: +44(0)29 2087 5536
School of Computer Science  Fax:   +44(0)29 2087 4598
Cardiff University          Email: mailto:ralph at cs.cf.ac.uk
5 The Parade, Roath         WWW:   http://ralph.cs.cf.ac.uk/
Cardiff, CF24 3AA, UK       VOIP:  sip:17476235487 at proxy01.sipphone.com






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